Proactive biomanagement and its relationship to professional moral courage among doctors and nurses working in COVID-19 isolation hospitals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i141.3723Keywords:
Managing proactive vitality, professional moral courage, doctors, nursesAbstract
Managing proactive vitality can be described as individual goal-oriented behavior aimed at managing physical and mental energy to promote optimal performance at work, and moral courage is defined as the voluntary willingness to stand up for one's moral beliefs and act in accordance with them despite barriers that may prevent the ability to proceed toward action It is correct, since medical personnel (doctors - nurses) in light of the spread of the Corona epidemic are exposed to exhaustion and fatigue, as well as, there are professional pressures related to the ethics and charter of the profession that they swore to, so the researchers chose to be the sample of the research medical personnel (doctors - nurses). The study aimed to identify the extent of their possession of Managing proactive vitality in the context of their medical work, and the extent of their professional moral courage. The research problem was summarized by the following question: Is there a relationship between Managing proactive vitality and professional moral courage among medical staff (doctors - nurses). The research sample consisted of (213) doctors and nurses working in health isolation hospitals, and the researchers built a Managing proactive vitality scale based on the definition of Op den Kamp et al., 2018, and the scale items were in its final form (33) a paragraph. As well as by building a scale of professional moral courage based on the definition of Sekerka (Sekerka et al. 2007), and the paragraphs of the scale in its final form were (40) items, and honesty and stability were extracted, so the two scales became ready to be applied to the research sample, and after applying and processing the data, The results showed that the research sample of doctors and nurses was distinguished by a high level of Managing proactive vitality, as well as a high level of, professional moral courage, and that there is a positive and significant relationship between Managing proactive vitality and professional moral courage.
Downloads
References
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz -Vergel, A. I. (2014). Burnout and work engagement: The JD -R approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 389 –411.
Bal, P. M., Butterman, O. S., & Bakker, A. B. (2011). The influence of fictional narrative experience on work outcomes: A conceptual analysis and research model. Review of General Psychology, 15, 361 -370.
Bandura 1991. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewitz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development, vol. 1: 45– 103. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bandura 2001. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52: 1–26.
Bandura A. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action Handbook of moral behavior and development. Psychology Press. 2014; pp: 69-128. Available from: https://b2n.ir/848622 .
Baratz, L., & Reingold, R. (2013). Moral Courage–An Essential Component for Teachers’ Continuous Professional Development. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 89-94.
Batson, C. D. (1998). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 282-316). New York, NY: McGraw Hill
Becker, S. W., & Eagly, A. H. (2004). The heroism of women and men. American Psychologist, 59, 163–178
Bindl, U. K., & Parker, S. K. (2011). Proactive work behavior: Forward-thinking and change-oriented action in organizations. In APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 2: Selecting and developing members for the organization. (pp. 567-598). American Psychological Association.
Binnewies, C., & Wörnlein, S. C. (2011). What makes a creative day? A diary study on the interplay between affect, job stressors, and job control. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 589–607.
Boselie, P., Dietz, G. and Boon, C. (2005), “Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research”, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 67-94.
Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K., & Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 138 -157.
Cavanagh, G.F. and Moberg, D.J. 1999. ‘The virtue of courage within the organization’. In Pava, M.L. and Primeaus, P. (Eds.), Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations, Volume 1: 1–25. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press
Crant, J.M. (2000), “Proactive behavior in organizations”, Journal of Management, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 435-462.
Davis, W.A. 1984a. ‘The two senses of desire’. Philosophical Studies, 45, 181–195.
DUTTON J.E. (2003), Energize your workplace : How to build and sustain high-quality connections at work. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Figley, C. R., & Figley, K. R. (2017). Compassion fatigue resilience. In E. M. Seppälä, E. Simons-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 387–398). New York: Oxford University Press
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.
Gallager A. Moral distress and moral courage in everyday Nursing practice. Online J Issues Nurse. 2010;16(2):8
Gibbs, J.C., Clark, P.M., Joseph, J.A., Green, J.L., Goodrick, T.S. and Makowski, D.G. (1986).“Relations between Moral Judgement, Moral Courage and Field Independence.”Child Development57(1): 185-193.
Grant, A. M., & Parker, S. K. (2009). Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. The Academy of Management Annals, 3, 317–375
Grant, A.M. and Ashford, S.J. (2008), “The dynamics of proactivity at work”, Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 28, pp. 3-34
Greitemeyer, T., Fischer, P., Kastenmüller, A., & Frey, D. (2006). Civil courage and helping behaviour: Differences and similarities. European Psychologist, 11, 90-98.
Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., & May, D. R. (2011). Moral maturation and moral conation: A capacity approach to explaining moral thought and action. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 663-685.
Harari, M. B., Reaves, A. C., & Viswesvaran, C. (2016). Creative and innovative performance: A meta-analysis of relationships with task, citizenship, and counterproductive job performance dimensions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25, 495–511.
Hennekam, S. (2016). Vitality of older workers and its relationship with performance, career satisfaction and career success. Management Avenir, (1), 15-32
Hernandez, B. C., & Thomas, T. L. (2015). The development of a physician vitality program: A brief report. Journal of marital and family therapy, 41(4), 443-450.
Jones, T.J. and Verstegen Ryan, L. 1997. ‘The link between ethical judgment and action in organizations: a moral approbation approach’. Organization Science, 8:6, 663–680.
Kidder, R. M. (2005). Moral courage, digital distrust: Ethics in a troubled world. Business & Society Review, 110(4), 485–505. doi:10.1111/ j.0045-3609.2005.00026.x
Kleemola E, Leino-Kilpi H, Numminen O. Care situations demanding moral courage: content analysis of nurses’ experiences. Nurs Ethics. 2020;27(3): 714–25
Lachman VD, Murray JS, Iseminger K, Ganske KM. Doing the right thing: pathways to moral courage. Am Nurs Today. 2012;11(11):87-1996.
Lachman VD, Murray JS, Iseminger K, Ganske KM. Doing the right thing: pathways to moral courage. Am Nurs Today. 2012;11(11):87-1996.
LaSala CA, Bjarnason D. Creating workplace environments that support moral courage. Online J Issues Nurs. 2010;15(3). Available from: https://ojin. nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/
Li, N., Liang, J. and Crant, J.M. (2010), “The role of proactive personality in job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior: a relational perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 95 No. 2, pp. 395-404.
Lord, R. G., & Brown, D. J. 2004. Leadership processes and follower self-identity. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lykken, D. T. (2005). Mental energy. Intelligence, 33, 331–335
Mahmoodi Shan G, Alhani F, Kazemnejad A. Ethics in nurses' lifestyle: a qualitative study. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2009;2(4):63–78 (in Persian)
Martinez, W., Bell, S. K., Etchegaray, J. M., & Lehmann, L. S. (2016). Measuring moral courage for interns and residents: scale development and initial psychometrics. Academic Medicine, 91(10), 1431-1438.
Martinez, W., Bell, S. K., Etchegaray, J. M., & Lehmann, L. S. (2016). Measuring moral courage for interns and residents: scale development and initial psychometrics. Academic Medicine, 91(10), 1431-1438.
Maslach, C.,1, Schaufeli, W.B.,& Michael P. Leiter, M.P.(2001).Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52.
May, D. R., Luth, M. T., & Schwoerer, C. E. (2014). The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(1), 67-80.
Meyer, G., & Hermann, A. (2000). Zivilcourage im Alltag [Moral courage in everyday life]. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 7-8, 3-13.
Meyer, G., & Hermann, A. (2000). Zivilcourage im Alltag [Moral courage in everyday life]. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 7-8, 3-13.
Miller, L. (2000). The mystery of courage. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Schefler, G. (2003). Professionalism. In G. Schefler, Y. Achmon & G. Weil (Eds.). Ethical issues in counseling and psychological treatment, (pp. 75-87). Jerusalem: Magnes Publishers. (Hebrew).
Miller, R. 2005. Moral Courage: Definition and Development. Washington DC: Ethics Resource Center
Mohammadi, S., Borhani, F., & Roshanzadeh, M. (2014). Relationship between moral distress and moral courage in nurses. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, 7(3).
Niesta Kayser, D., Greitemeyer, T., Fischer, P., & Frey, D. (2010). Why mood affects help giving but not moral courage: Two types of prosocial behaviours. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 1136-1157.
Numminen O, Repo H, Leino-Kilpi H. Moral courage in nursing: a concept analysis. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24(8):878–91
Op den Kamp, E. M., Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Demerouti, E. (2020). Proactive vitality management and creative work performance: The role of self‐insight and social support. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(2), 323-336.
Op den Kamp, E., Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2018). Proactive vitality management in the work context: Development and validation of a new instrument. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27, 493 -505.
Osswald, S., Frey, D., & Streicher, B. (2011). Moral courage. In Justice and conflicts (pp. 391-405). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: A model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36, 827 -856
Parker, S. K., Williams, H., & Turner, N. (2006). Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 636 -652
Parker, S. K., Williams, H., & Turner, N. (2006). Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 636 -652
Pololi, L., Conrad, P., Knight, P. S., & Carr, P. A. (2009). The culture of academic medicine: Faculty perceptions of the lack of alignment between individual and institutional values. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24, 1289–1295
Porath, C. L., & Bateman, T. S. (2006). Self-regulation: From goal orientation to job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 185 -192
Porath, C. L., & Bateman, T. S. (2006). Self-regulation: From goal orientation to job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 185 -192
Rest, J.R. 1986. ‘The major component of morality’. In Kurtines, W.M. and Gerwitz, J.L. (Eds.), Morality, Moral Behavior, and Moral Development: 24–38. New York: Wiley.
Rorty, A.O. 1986. ‘The two faces of courage’. Philosophy, 61, 151–171.
Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of wellbeing. Journal of Personality, 65, 529–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x
Ryan, R.M. and Bernstein, J.H. (2004). “Vitality”, in Peterson, C. and Seligman, M.E.P. (Eds.), Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 273–290.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi -sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293 -315
Sekerka LE, Bagozzi RP, Charnigo R. Facing ethical challenges in the workplace: Conceptualizing and measuring professional moral courage. J Business Ethics. 2009; 89:565–579
Sekerka, L. E., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2007). Moral courage in the workplace: Moving to and from the desire and decision to act.
Shanafelt, T. D., Boone, S., Tan, L., Dyrbye, L. N., Sotile, W., Satele, D., et al. (2012). Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among U.S. physicians relative to the general U.S. population. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172, 1377–1385.
Solomon, R.C. 1999. A Better Way to Think about Business: How Personal Integrity Leads to Corporate Success. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sonnentag, S. & Fritz, C. (2015). Recovery from job stress: The stressor -detachment model as an integrative framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior , 36, S72 -S103.
Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 204–221.
Sonnentag, S., Venz, L., & Casper, A. (2017). Advances in recovery research: What have we learned? What should be done next? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22, 365–380
Srivastva, S.and Cooperrider, D.L. (Eds).(1998). Organizational Wisdom and Executive Courage. San Francisco, CA: The New Lexington Press.
Ten Brummelhuis, L. L., & Bakker, A. B. (2012). Staying engaged during the week: The effect of offjob activities on next day work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17, 445 -455
Trougakos, J. P., & Hideg, I. (2009). Momentary work recovery: The role of within-day work breaks. Current Perspectives on Job–Stress Recovery: Research in Occupational Stress and Wellbeing, 7, 37–84.
Voigtländer, D. (2008). Hilfeverhalten und Zivilcourage: Ein Vergleich von antizipiertem und realem Verhalten [Helping and moral courage: A comparison of anticipated and real behavior] (Dissertation). University of Göttingen, Germany.
Walker, L. J., & Firmer, J. A. (2007). Moral Personality of brave and caring exemplars. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 845–860.
Weaver K, Morse J, Mitcham C. Ethical sensitivity in professional practice: concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(5):607–18.
Zacher, H., Brailsford, H. A., & Parker, S. L. (2014). Micro-breaks matter: A diary study on the effects of energy management strategies on occupational well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85, 287–297.
Taraz, Z., Loghmani, L., Abbaszadeh, A., Ahmadi, F., Safavibiat, Z., & Borhani, F. (2019). The relationship between ethical climate of hospital and moral courage of nursing staff. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 16(2).
Sadooghiasl, A., Parvizy, S., & Ebadi, A. (2018). Concept analysis of moral courage in nursing: A hybrid model. Nursing ethics, 25(1), 6-19.
Bickhoff, L., Sinclair, P. M., & Levett-Jones, T. (2017). Moral courage in undergraduate nursing students: A literature review. Collegian, 24(1), 71-83.
Lamiani, G., Setti, I., Barlascini, L., Vegni, E., & Argentero, P. (2017). Measuring moral distress among critical care clinicians: validation and psychometric properties of the Italian moral distress scale-revised. Critical care medicine, 45(3), 430-437.
Khoshmehr, Z., Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., Nasiriani, K., & Fallahzadeh, H. (2020). Moral courage and psychological empowerment among nurses. BMC Nursing, 19, 1-7.
Dictionary, O. E. (2014). Web. URL: https://www.multitran.ru (accessed: 20.04. 2018).
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of management, 25(3), 357-384.
Pianalto, M. (2012). Moral courage and facing others. International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 20(2), 165-184.
Harbour, M., & Kisfalvi, V. (2014). In the eye of the beholder: An exploration of managerial courage. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(4), 493-515.
Walker, L. J., & Henning, K. H. 2004. Differing conceptions of moral exemplarity: Just, brave, and caring. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 629–47.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
