French Political & Military Missions & Their Impact on The Arab Revolution (1916 - 1918)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i137.1676Keywords:
Missions, Political, Military, French, Arab revolutionAbstract
When the great Arab revolution that was led by Al - Sharif Hussein, was announced in 1916, against the Ottoman Empire. France was afraid of its recognition of the declaration of the revolution against the federations and standing by Al - Sharif Hussein for fear that the rise of the revolution might prevent it from achieving its control over the Levant. Which it has been seeking to control it since long time. However, Britain has an important influence in encouraging France to recognize the Arab revolution. France has received an official request from Britain through its ambassador to Paris the Lord Bertie.
Where by which urges it to provide assistance to the revolution. Where Britain assured to France that it should strengthen its relationship with Al-Sharif Hussein. Because in the event that the Allies delay in implementing his request regarding the provision of assistance. He may be forced to reconcile with the Ottoman Empire. So, before this request that was submitted by Britain to France.
The latter considered that the revolution of Al-Sharif Hussein must be recognized, albeit outwardly. Therefore, due to its fear that Britain would be unique in gaining wide influence in the Arab East when providing its assistance to the revolution.
Downloads
References
Al-Aqrabawi, Moayad Tawfiq Aql Haider (2016): The position of the Parisian newspaper Al-Mustaqbal on the Great Arab Revolt between (1916-1919), Zarqa University, Faculty of Literature, Jordan, May 6.
Al-Askari, Jaafar (1918): Memoirs, Editing and Presentation to Najdah Fathi Safwa, Dar Al-Salam for Distribution and Publishing, London.
Al-Husseini, Muhammad Hassan Yusuf (2018): Prince Zaid Ibn al-Sharif Hussein and his military and political role in the Great Arab Revolt, Syria and Iraq (1916-1958), Tigris Publishing House, Baghdad.
Al-Madamaghah, Hossam Ali (2010): The Arab Office in Cairo (1914-1921), unpublished PhD thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of Basra.
Al-Mitwalli, Mohsen Muhammad (2005): Al-Arabi, Nour Al-Saeed from beginning to end, Arab House of Encyclopedias, Beirut.
Al-Qahtani, Saeed bin Mushayb (2018): The project of the French government’s mission to Mecca during the reign of Sharif Hussein bin Ali in 1916, (a historical documentary study), a research published in the Journal of King Khalid University, College of Arts and Human Sciences, Tunis, Volume 26, No.3.
Al-Saeed, Nuri (1987): Nuri Al-Saeed's Memoirs on the Military Movements of the Arab Army in Hijaz and Syria 1916-1928, National House of Encyclopedias, Second Edition, Beirut.
Al-Suwaidi, Tawfiq (without history): Iraqi faces through history, Riyadh Al-Rayyes Books House, London.
Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad Hussein (1989): Mouloud Mukhlis Pasha and his role in the Great Arab Revolt and Contemporary Iraq History, Baghdad.
Barnacks, Roger (1990): Encyclopedia of Modern Warfare, translated by Samir Abdul Rahim Chalabi, Al Mamoun House for Translation and Publishing, Baghdad.
Bremond, Edward (1931): (le General): Le Hedjaz dans la Gurre Mondiale, Floch, Paris.
Bukawasi, Sarah, Karara, Naima (2017): The Power Struggle in the First World War (1914-1918), an unpublished MA Thesis, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Jahid Al-Jilani, Bounama.
Emilie Polak, Le Moyen- Orient das la Premiere Guerremondi – al e (1914- 1918), http”//www.L
F.O. 141/ 6.9/ 6. Telgram No. 736, from F.O. to commissioner foreign Egypt, 13 ISSPT, 1916.
F.O. 141/ 609/ 6. Telegram No. 693, the commissioner for Egypt (Ramleh), to F.O India, Aden, Sirdar, 14th Aug. 1971,
F.O. 3372/ 498, Tel. No. 560, from F.O. to the French Ambassador, 29 May, 1917.
Fraihat, Hikmat Abdel Karim (1989): French Policy Toward the Great Arab Revolt (1916-1920), Future House Publishing, Amman, Second Edition.
Fremeau, Jacques (1991): France and Islam from Napoleon to Mitterrand, translated by Hashem Salih, Cordoba Publishing House, Cyprus.
Ibn Al-Hussein, Abdullah (1998): My Memoir, Al-Ahlia Publishing and Distribution House, Second Edition, Amman.
Lawrence, Dington (1966): Lawrence in the Arab Countries, translation and investigation by Mahmoud Izzat Moussa, The Egyptian House for Authorship and Translation, Cairo.
Mansiriya, Youssef (1985): Report of Mr. Mustafa Al-Sharshali on the French mission to the Hijaz in September 1916 AD, research published in the Journal of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Algeria, No. 89, September – October.
Muhammad, Alaa Jassim (1987): Jafar al-Askari and his political and military role in the history of Iraq until 1936, Arab Awakening Library, Baghdad.
Musa, Suleiman (1967): Hussein Bin Ali and the Great Arab Revolution, Amman.
Musa, Suleiman (1986): The Arab Movement, (The first stage of the Arab renaissance (1908-1924), An-Nahar Publishing House, third edition, Beirut.
Musa, Suleiman (1989): The War in the Hijaz (1916-1918), Amman
Pautremat, Pascal Le, (2006): Lamission du Lieutenant- col-onel Bremond Auhedjaz, 1917, Presses Universitaires de France.
Robert Johnson: Lawrence of Arabian Bloomsbury, zozo, p. 15, Tylor Champman: French Faction, the World war in the Middle East: http://sites,center,eduhis321-ct2018/sample-page/-french-faction
Safwa, Najdah Fathi (1996): Arabia in British Documents (Najd and Hejaz), 1914-1915, Volume 1, Dar Al-Saqi, Beirut.
Said, Amin (1991): Secrets of the Great Arab Revolt, The Tragedy of Sharif Hussein, Dar Al-Kateb Al-Arabi, Beirut.
Said, Amin (without history): The Great Arab Revolt, a detailed and comprehensive history of the Arab issue in a quarter of a century, C1, the struggle between Arabs, French and English, House of Revival of Arab Books, Cairo.
Stephanie Trouilard, Grande Revolt Arbe, Quand la France Voulait Proteger les Lieux Saints de Islam. http://www.France24.
Tlass, Mustafa (1984): The Great Arab Revolt, Tlass Publishing House, Damascus.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.