Architecture of The heritage buildings in Najaf and its role in promoting national identity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i129.586Keywords:
heritage, culture, tradition, legacy, Najaf, houses, planningAbstract
Heritage represents the living memory of the individual and society , it is cultural identity that people recognize about the privacy of people . That is the full record of human activity in a society preserved in the collective memory of the people . It is a manifestation of individual and collective creativity of the nation during its long history . As a result , heritage has a strong relationship with the cultural practices of society and its outlook for the future as well as the link between the present and the past. Therefore, the loss of cultural heritage means the loss of the nation's memory , identity and pride in its own history and present.
Talking the architectural heritage of Najaf, which is one of the main pillars of the city's heritage through the ages, means talking about the variables in the moving time and the fixed place. Najaf in its plans and architecture as one of the historical cities of religious origin had to respond on its architectural planning to a range of needs and factors that influenced the pattern of planning and the shape of the city and the models of buildings .
In order to deepen the subject , we chose the old Najafi house as a model for local architecture . Mr. Ali Al-Damarji's house was chosen as a model in Al-Huwaish district . As it is characterized by the integration of the elements of planning , architectural and construction , as well as the capacity of an area of (380 m2.) , and its good condition as classified by the heritage survey committee of the city of Najaf grade (A) in terms of heritage status , and the state of construction .
The study has found that the architecture of the heritage buildings in Najaf and the Najafi house in particular has some characteristics that are almost unique to them . However , this privacy does not mean the identification of an independent identity . Rather , it is the local privacy which is integrated it its overall image within the identity National Heritage of Iraq . In spite of the presence of different oriental influences , the Najafi house remained conservative in its basic layout of its traditional character , which imitates the old and ancient Iraqi style . And this in itself drawn the image of Iraqi cultural communication and authenticity through the ages .
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References
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Al-Qusairi, Aatmad Yusuf, The Planning and Architectural Characteristics of the House of Baghdadi during the Ottoman Period, Beirut, 2012, Dar Al-Witb Foundation), p.5.
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Auji, Firas Yellouz Abdelkader, Criminal Protection of Archeology, Unpublished MA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, University of Baghdad, 1998, p.10.
For the diaries of the siege and the movement of the revolutionaries within these channels, see the memoirs of Shabibi published in the new culture magazine, No. 4, July 1969, pp. 285- 340.
Makiya, Mohammed, "What I hope from the urban planning of the city of Najaf," Najaf Al-Ashraf contributions to human civilization, C2, London, 2000, p. 464.
Najaf Mayor Shaker Hamid said that in these corridors held meetings, and political conferences, and is the only way to establish councils of people and forbidden in Najaf. M.I. The Secret Report No. 28 of 12 February 1934, "Reports of the Administrative Role / Karbala Brigade", numbered 59 / K-2, p.
Najaf was invaded by the Wahhabis for the first time in 1802 and their threats were repeated until 1922. For more information, see: al-Basri, Othman bin Sanad, Mutawal al-Saud, Mosul, Dar al-Hikma, 1991.
See Al-Muzaffar, Mohsen Abdul-Saheb, Najaf City, pp. 177-186.
Shalash, Abd al-Muhsin, Najaf wells and streams, Najaf: Al-Ra'ee Press, 1947, pp. 6-7.
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The General Authority for Antiquities and Heritage - Heritage Department, Najaf Governorate File, Heritage Role Form No. 35C, on 8November, 2011.
The number of ancient heritage houses still in existence in the ancient city of Najaf is 24 houses, 8 in locality of Mashraq, 2 in the Amarah, 8 in Al-Hawish, and 6 in Al-Buraq district. Hussein, Hamza Abbas, Heritage Buildings in Najaf, Baghdad, 2017, the stream of publications,p.122.
The number of houses according to the official census of 1934 is (5219) houses, the number of basements is not less than this number a lot, since it is rare to have a house of crypt or more.
Tizini, Tayeb, The World Heritage Concept Introduction to Foundations, World of Thought Magazine, Issue 4, April 2008, p.60.
UNESCO = United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 1972, article 1, p. 4. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention.
Yusuf, Sharif, History of Iraqi Architecture in Various Ages, Baghdad, Dar Al Rasheed Publishing, p. 582.
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