Estimation of soil erosion using the global RUSLE equation on the Shakhat Valley basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/3wwwjn35Keywords:
RUSLE, soil erosion, soil loss, water erosion of soilAbstract
The study area is located in the Arabian Desert of Iraq within Karbala Governorate between latitudes (-10 °32 - -45 °32) north and longitudes (-15 °43 --45 °43) east. It is part of the discontinuous edges of the plateau. To the north lies Lake Razzaza, and to the south lies Wadi Al-Abyad Basin and Qasr Al-Akhdir. To the east, it is surrounded by Wadi Al-Abyad Basin, Talul Al-Tar, and part of the western coast of Lake Razzaza. To the west, Wadi Fouad and Ain Tamr (Shathatha) are located. The area of the basin is (136.82) km2. The study aims to know the amount of soil erosion (soil erosion) in the study area due to the influence of natural characteristics represented by (geological structure, topography, climate, soil, plants, vegetation cover) and their effect on soil erosion. Therefore, to determine the most dangerous areas for soil erosion and then use appropriate methods in managing river basin erosion, and through the application of the global equation model RUSLE and the use of GIS software and through the use of the digital elevation model DEM and satellite images and data related to the geological, topographic, climate and soil aspects according to the FAO classification, and the vegetation cover according to the NDVI classification, soil erosion was calculated and through the RUSLE equation indicators represented by the erosion index (R) reached its highest area (45.28) km2, while the highest soil erosion susceptibility index (K) reached an area of (65.35) km2, while the topography index (L.S) reached its highest area of (67.7) km2, while the vegetation index (C) recorded its highest area as it recorded (118.27), while the soil maintenance factor index (P) reached its highest area of (84.99) km2, while the volume of water erosion (A) reached an area of (75.02) tons/ha, and that most of the erosion falls within the erosion category (155.85 - 202.85), and this indicates an increase in water erosion of the soil in Study area Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent soil erosion in the study area by cultivating the area and maintaining the ground cover in order to maintain soil cohesion and then using cultivation and plowing methods in a manner that is compatible with the soil. Reducing overgrazing and thus increasing the vegetation cover that works to cohesion the soil and prevent its erosion.
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