Geographical Analysis of The Phenomena of Enrollment and Repetition in Islamic Schools in Anbar Governorate for The Year 2022-2023

Abstract

Education is the most prominent societal phenomenon and its center, and perhaps the biggest challenge faced by all societies at various levels, developing and developed, and the obsession of governments, UN and non-UN organizations and civil society organizations, and this is evident in the assurances adopted by these institutions, especially what was confirmed by the United Nations and its organizations working in this field, especially its affirmation in the item or goal (fourth) of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and its text (ensuring quality, equitable and inclusive education for all and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all). Thus, education represents the end and means to achieve development at the highest levels and in all its fields. This is evident from the international and governmental endeavor to reach the highest indicators in support of the educational renaissance.

Out of importance, the idea of analyzing, following up and evaluating the indicators of enrollment and repetition in accordance with the methodology of geographical scientific analysis in following up phenomena spatially and temporally, came in an effort to evaluate an important part of the indicators of education systems in Iraq, which is (education in Islamic schools) as part of the approved religious education system, and the possibility of developing and developing it, in a way that serves the educational situation in general and its future challenges.

The main problem was the geographical evaluation of the enrollment and repetition indicators, analyzing the level of their spatial and temporal variation, and the possibility of modifying their future trends, according to the approved scientific hypotheses, estimated by statistical analysis. Many approaches were followed in the study, the most prominent of which was the inductive approach and the quantitative inferential approach.

The study included all districts of Anbar province, and relied in its data on official sources and from the competent ministries, as well as on the field study and according to the method of the questionnaire.

The study showed that the variables of moral and influential in the phenomenon of enrollment were (family encouragement, difficulty of curricula, average age) while the variables that came non-significant represented by (obtaining a certificate, student work, and average income), and regarding the reasons for failure, the study showed that the reasons (disease, distance, dropout, marriage, work and support) came significantly in estimating the impact.

The study proposes to improve the school environment by paying attention to the necessary supplies that the student needs and making this environment attractive to the student by providing laboratories, illustrative means, pictures, libraries, maps and allocating means of transportation to facilitate access from remote areas.

The study included many tables, graphs and maps, and modern techniques (GIS and SPSS programs) were relied on in data analysis and mapping.