Anhedonia and its relationship to Persistent Depressive Disorder among University students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/xrvr3b96Keywords:
Persistent Depressive Disorder, University Students, AnhedoniaAbstract
Mood disorders in adolescents have drawn growing attention in research recently. Cases of sadness and mood disorder in adolescents are particularly attributed to the sensitivity of this segment of society towards the severe social pressures, such as disturbance in familial relationships, abuse, neglect, and academic failure. The vast majority of adolescents have been observed to suffer from neglect and/or abuse. Depressive disorder patients have some form of abuse and neglect. Over the past twenty years, health care professionals have made a intensive efforts to identify and better understand mood disorders in adolescents. Researchers used to believe that teenagers did not have enough of mental maturity to suffer from depression, but they found that depression is common among teenagers, and they are susceptible to the same types of depression as adults. Certainly, the response to depression has roots in feeling of loss of pleasure, whether real or assumed, the output anger turns into input loss. This indicates that the original loss had been repressed, and the consequent loss raises feelings related to it, regardless of its nature, whether this loss is of a person, of status, or moral support of friends. The researcher adopted Watson et al.’s (2021) scale for anhedonia. The Anhedonia Scale for Adolescents (ASA) consists of (14) and five-point alternatives (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). Likewise, the Mason et al (1993) scale for persistent depressive disorder was adopted, which consists of 20 items and five alternatives (rarely, mild, moderate, above moderate, severe). The results showed that university students have average Anhedonia. In regards with the significance of difference according to the gender variable (male/female), it was in favor of female university students.
On the other hand, the prevalence of persistent depressive disorder reached (23.91%), with regard to identifying the significance of the difference according to the gender variable (male/female) among university students. Likewise, the significance of difference according to the gender variable (male/female), it was in favor of female university students.
Downloads
References
جاسم، صفاء حسين محمد علي (2005): اعراض الاكتئاب لدى المراهقين في دور الدولة مقارنة بأقرانهم من طلبة المدارس في مدينة بغداد، رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة، كلية الآداب، الجامعة المستنصرية.
صالح، قاسم حسين (2015): الاضطرابات النفسية والعقلية "نظرياتها، أسبابها، طرائق علاجها"، الطبعة الأولى، دار دجلة، عمان، الأردن.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (FIFTH EDITION), (TEXT REVISON). Washington, DC.
Asadollahi. F. Doost. H.N, Abedi. M.R. & Zanjani. H.A. (2021). Exploring Interpersonal Relationship of Female Patients with Persistent Depressive Disorder: A Qualitative Study with a Phenomenological Approach. Iran J Psychiatry Behave Sci.Freden, Iars (1982). Psychosocial Aspects of depression, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beck, A., et al. (1979). Cognitive therapy and emotional Disorder. International Universities Press, New York.
Ebel, R.L. (1972): Essentials of Educational Measurement. New Jersey: Prentice – Hall, Inc.
Freud, S (1940). An online of psych analysis. Norton co. New York.
---------- (1953). Thoughts for the times on war and death. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. Vol.4, Hogarth press, London.
Gallagher, D.E. Breckenridge, J.N. Thompson. L.W & Peterson. J.A (1983). Effects of bereavement on indicators of mental health in elder windows and windrowers, Journal of Gerontology, 83.
Hilgard, Ernest R. Athinson, Rita. Atkinson, Richard C. Smith, Edward E & Bem, Dary J. (1990). Introduction to psychology. 10th – ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanorich publishers, printed in the U.S.A.
Huffman, K. Very, M.X. & Veynoy, J. (2000). Psychology in Action, New York, John wiley and son Inc.
Jordan. D.G. Winer. E.S. Salem. T. & Kilgore. J.(2018). Longitudinal Evaluation of Anhedonia as a Mediator of Fear of Positive Evaluation and Other Depressive Symptoms. Nov; 32(7): (pp.1437–1447).
Mason, B.J, Kocsis, J.H, Leon, A.C, Thompson, M. S, Frances, A.J, Roberto O Morgan, R.O. & Parides. M. K. (1993). Measurement of Severity and Treatment Response in Dysthymia. Psychiatric Annals, 23(11). (pp. 625–631).
Moreau. J. (2002). Simulating the anhedonia symptom of depression in animals. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. V4. (pp. 315-360).
Rush, A. J. & Beck. A. (2000). Cognitive- therapy – therapy in Kaplan & Sa: Dok's comprehensive? Textbook of paychiatry- lippicott William's & Williams Washington, (pp. 2176-2178) & (pp. 2122).
Şahin E. Topkaya N. & Gençoğlu. C (2022). Severity and Correlates of the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a Nationally Representative Sample of Turkish Secondary Boarding School Counselors. Department of Child and Youth Services. Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University.
Song. X. & Vilares. I. (2021). Assessing the relationship between the human learned helplessness depression model and anhedonia. Plos ONE 16(3).
Watson, R., McCabe, C., Harvey, K. & Reynolds, S. (2021). Development and validation of a new adolescent self-report scale to measure loss of interest and pleasure: the Anhedonia scale for adolescents (ASA). Central Archive at the University of Reading.
Wu. Q. Jiayue He, Shulin Fang, Panwen Zhang, Xingwei Luo, Jianghua Zhang, Yan Xiong, Fusheng Luo, Xiaosheng Wang, Shuqiao Yao& Xiang Wang (2020). A novel construct of anhedonia revealed in a Chinese sample via the Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales. Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 سيف ناجح كريم السلطاني، أ.د. إبراهيم مرتضى الاعرجي
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
