Education in Persia during the Second half of the Nineteenth century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i142.3784Keywords:
education, Iran, educational structureAbstract
This study was falled within the perspective of the evolution of classical education in Iran, and prospects for research, and associated with the issue of composition and evolution of the educational structure of Iran. The objectives of this study were to draw attention to the fundamental component of the educational field and for a few extra factions within the institution in Iran. The hypothesis that stands by this study was that we cannot understand this field and the positions and roles of potential and ongoing conflicts and the challenges (including forms that Itemizer by all the actors) without a correct diagnosis of the status of Koranic schools within the field of education. In addition, some of the important stakes in this field, and more broadly those associated with the issue of culture in Iran, cannot be understood if we do not try to know this kind of education. Then the study was focused on two main points:
1 - formative frameworks of the education system in the ancient Iranian state, as we shall show how it came about this system.
2 - regulatory frameworks, and educational for the education system of old, and rather programmed to carry them through their formative education.
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أولا: الوثائق المنشورة:
- مجموعة قوانيين، مقررات، تصويب نامه ها وايين نامه هائ اموزش عالئ، ( وزارت فرهنك واموزش عالى: 1360).
- محمد حسين محبوبي اردكانى، تاريخ مؤسسات تمدن جديد در إيران، جلد دوم، (تهران: 1354).
- ناصر نجمى، دار الخلافه تهران در يكصد سال بيش، ( تهران: انتشارات ارغوان، 1368).
ثانيا: الكتب العربية والمترجمة:
- ابراهيم فخرايى، كيلان در جنبش مشروطيت، ( تهران: شركت سهامى جيبى، 1353).
- ابو الحسن بزرك اميد، از ماست كه بر ماست، ( تبريز: 1335).
- احسان طبرى، فروباشى سنتى وزايش سرمايه دارى در ايران، (تهران: 1339).
- احمد كسروى، تاريخ مشروطه ايران، (تهران:مؤسسه جاب وانتشارات امير كبير،1344).
- ا,و. ويليام جكسون، ايران در كذشته وحال، ترجمه منوجهر اميرى، فريدون بدرهاى، ( تهران:شركت سهامى افست، بلا).
- جان ويشارد، بيست سال در ايران، ترجمة على بيرنيا، (تهران: مؤسسه انتشارات، 1363).
- جورج .ن. كرزن، إيران وقضية إيران، (تهران:مركز انتشارات علمى وفرهنكى،).
- جوزف ام. ايتون، نكرشى بر تاريخ ايران نوين، ترجمه يعقوب زند، ( تهران: انتشارات نيلوفر، 1359).
- حسن بيكى، تهران قديم،( تهران: انتشارات ققنوس، 1368).
- حسن نبوى، تاريخ معاصر إيران، (تهران: انتشارات دانشسراى عالى، 1350).
- حسين كريمان، تهران در كذشته وحال،( تهران: داانشكاه ملى ايران، 2535).
- ر. غرانت واتسن، تاريخ ايران در دوره قاجاريه، ترجمه وحيد مازندرانى، ( تهران: مؤسسه انتشارات امير كبير، 1348).
- رحيم رضا زاده ملك، سوسمار الدوله، ( تهران: انتشارات دنيا، 1354).
- زين العابدين مراغه، سياحتنامه ابراهيم بيك، ( تهران: كتابهاى صدف،1344).
- عبد الله مستوفى، شرح زند كانى من، (تهران: كتابفروشى زوار).
- علي شريعتي، مكتب، ( تهران: 1357).
- كاسبارد روويل، سفر در ايران، ترجمه جواد محيى، (تهران: 1349).
- كنت دو كوبينو، سه سال در ايران، ترجمه ذبيح الله منصورى، ( تهران: مطبوعاتى فرخى،بى تا).
- مادام ديولا فوآ، سفرنامه ايران وكلده، ترجمه همايون فرهوش، (بلا:1322).
ثالثاً: باللغة الانكليزية
(1) Hamid Algar, Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906, The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period, University of California, 1969, p.43.
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