مدينة عسكر مكرم وأحوالها العامة من الفتح العربي حتى سقوط الإمارة البويهية

Al-Fayyad, Abdullah, History, Idea and Method, Study in the Fundamentals of Research, 2nd Edition, Baghdad, Asaad Press, (1397 AH - 1977 AD), pp. 20-21.

Abdullah bin Abbas: Abdullah bin Abbas bin Abd al-Muttalib bin Hashem bin Abdul Manaf bin Qusai, born three years before emigration, was the ink of this nation and the translation of the Qur’an, he stopped his sight at the end of his life, and he died in Taif.

Al-Asfari Khalifa bin Khayyat (died: 240 AH / 854 AD), Tabaqat Khalifa bin Khayyat, investigation by Akram Zia Al-Omari, Edition 2, Riyadh, Dar Taiba, 1402 AH / 1982AD), page 745; Harz al-Din, Muhammad, the Shrines of Knowledge in the Appointment of the Shrines of the Alevis, the Dependent Companions, Warraq, Scholars, Writers, and Poets, Edition 1, (Najaf, Literature Press, 1391 AH - 1971 CE) part 2, page 6.

Al-Zubaidi, Omar Sobeih, Resources and Approach of Al-Mubarrad in the book Al Kamil in Language and Literature, Institute of Arab History and Scientific Heritage for Postgraduate Studies, 1433 AH / 2012 AD, page 266.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

Ahwaz: It was called Persian, Zamir, but it was called Ahwaz, so people changed it and they said Ahwaz. It was opened during the reign of Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) 13-23 AH / 364-643 CE. Al-Baladhari, Ahmed bin Yahya (died: 279/892 AD), Fattouh al-Balad, Dr. Tuba`, Beirut, Dar and Library of the Crescent (1409 AH / 1988 AD), page 372.

The same source, page 372.

Al-Muhallabi, Al-Hassan bin Ahmed, (died: 380 AH / 990 AD), Kitab Al-Azizi, Al-Masalak and Al-Malekal, Commentary: Tayseer Khalaf, Edition 1, d., Dar Al-Takween for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, (1427 AH / 2006 AD), page 123 ; Ibn Al-Atheer Ali bin Abi Al-Karam died (630 AH / 1232 CE), pulp in refining lineages, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Sader, DT, C 2, page 60; Ali, Kurd, The Levant Plans, Edition 3, Damascus, Al-Thawri Library, (1403 AH / 1983 AD), Part 2, page 169.

Lestranj, Ki, Countries of the Eastern Caliphate, Arabization of Bashir Francis, and Korkis Awad, Edition 1, Baghdad, Al-Rabita Press, 1373 AH / 1954 AD, page 271.

Yacout al-Hamwi, Yacout bin Abdullah (died: 626 AH / 1228AD), A Dictionary of Countries, Edition 2, Beirut, Dar Sader, (1419 AH / 1995AD), Part. 4, page 123.

Al-Samani, Abdul Karim bin Muhammad (died: 562 AH / 1165 CE), genealogy, investigation: Abdul Rahman Al-Muallami Al-Yamani and others, Edition 1, Hyderabad, Council of the Ottoman Knowledge Department, 1382, AH / 1962 CE, Part. 9, page 297.

Al-Balazari, Fattuh al-Balad, p. 372, al-Suyuti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr (died: 911 AH / 1515 CE), pulp of pulp in editing genealogy, d. I, Beirut, Dar Sadr d, p. 179.

For Strang, The Succession Countries, p. 271.

Al-Fayadh, Ali Najm Abdullah, the intellectual movement in the city of Tabas from the second century AH to the eighth century AH, PhD thesis, College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, (1440 AH / 2018AD), page 17.

Al-Samani, Genealogy, Part 6, page 261.

Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part 1, page 285.

Al-Fayoumi, Hamad bin Muhammad bin Ali (died: 770 AH / 1368 AD), the enlightening lamp from Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir, Dr. I, Beirut, Scientific Library, D.T., Part 2, page 532.

An unknown author, (died after: 372 AH / 982 AD), The borders of the world from the east to Morocco, by: Youssef Al-Hadi, Dr. I, Cairo, Cultural Publishing House, (1423 AH / 2002), page 150.

Sohrab, Abu al-Hasan bin Bahloul, (D:: after AH 259 / AD 872), Correction: Hans von Murthek, Edition 1, Mina, Adolf Holes Heusen Press, 1348 AH / 1929 AD, page 30; Abu al-Fedaa Ismail bin Ali, (T: 732 AH / 1331 AD), calendar of countries, I 1, Cairo, d., 1428 AH / 2007 AD, page 42.

Ibn Rasta, Ahmed bin Omar (D:: 290 AH / 902 CE), Precious Ethics, followed by Kitab al-Baladan, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Sader, 131 AH / 1892 CE, page 188.

Al-Ashtari, Ibrahim bin Muhammad (d: 346 AH / 957 AD), Paths to Kingdoms, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1425 AH / 2004 AD, page 89.

Ibn Khorda Dhbah, Obaid bin Abdullah (d: 280 AH / 893 CE), The Tracts and Kingdoms, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1307 AH / 1889 CE, page 179.

Ibn Hawqal, Muhammad (d .: after 367 AH / 977 AD), Land Image, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1357 AH / 1938, part 2, page 259.

Al-Idrisi, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdullah, (d: 560 AH / 1164 CE), Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq in Breaking Through Horizons, Edition 1, Beirut, World of Books, (1409 AH / 1988), Part 1, page 402.

The Monastery of Ezekiel: A famous monastery between Basra and Askar Makram, and it is the place where the people of Daur who went out of their homes went to them and they were thousands of warns of death, so God said to them they died and died and then resurrected them. Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Mahmoud, (died: 683 AH / 1284 AD), Antiquities of the Country and News of the Servants, Edition 1, Beirut, d. (1419 AH / 1998 AD), page 349.

Al-Brusawi, Muhammad bin Ali, (died: 997 AH / 1588 AD), explained the pathways to knowledge of countries and kingdoms, investigation: Abdul-Rawadia Mahdi, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, 1427 AH / 2006, page 323.

Andrew Currie, Peter Solglet, Atlas of Islamic History, Arabization: Worship as a Resource, Edition 1, Cairo, The Egyptian International Publishing Company, 1435 AH / 2014AD, page 382.

Yaqout al-Hamwi, A Dictionary of Countries, Part. 2, page 405.

Al-Askari Al-Hassan bin Abdullah bin Saeed, (Tel: 382 AH / 992 AD), Al-Mohdhathat Al-Mohdhathatin, Investigation: Mahmoud Ahmed Mira, Edition 1, Cairo, Modern Arab Printing Press, (1402 AH / 1981 AD), Part 2, page 734, Al-Hamdani Muhammad Bin Musa bin Othman, (died: 584 AH / 1184 AD), places (or what a word agreed to and parted with a name from places), Hamad bin Muhammad Al-Jasser investigation, Dr. I, Dr. Al-Yamamah Translation, Research and Publishing House, 1415 AH / 1994 AD, page 209 ; Ibn Abd al-Haqq ibn Abd al-Mumin (739 AH / 1338 CE), Observatories of the Name of Places and Beqaa, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Al-Jeel, 1412 AH / 1991 AD), Part 1, page 330.

Al-Hamiri, Muhammad bin Ad-Allah Abdel-Moneim, (died: 900 AH / 1494 CE), Al-Roud Al-Muatar in the Country News, investigation: Ihssan Abbas, Edition 2, Beirut, Nasser Foundation for Culture, (1410 AH / 1980 AD), page 225, for strangers , Countries of the Eastern Caliphate, p. 372.

Abu al-Feda, Countries Calendar, page 42. Hafez Abru Abdullah bin Lutf Allah, (died: 833 AH / 1429AD), geography, investigation: Sajjad Sadiq, 1st floor, Tehran, written heritage, 1417AH / 1996AD, Part 1, page 163.

Hafez, Abreu, Geography, Part 1, page 163.

Anonymous, Borders of the World, p. 60; Al-Maqdisi Al-Bashari Muhammad bin Ahmed, (died: after 380 AH / 990 AD), the best divisions in knowledge of the regions, 3rd edition, Cairo, Madbouly Library, 1411 AH / 1991AD, page 404; Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part. 2, page 252.

Ibn Abd al-Haqq observatory observatories, Part. 1, page 330; Ibn Al-Wardi Omar bin Al-Mudhafar, (died: 852 AH / 1448AD), Khaderat Al-Ajeeb and Farida Al-Ghareeb, investigation: Anwar Mahmoud Zanati, Edition 1, Cairo, Library of Islamic Culture, 1428 AH / 2008AD, page 369.

Siddiqui, Ghulam Hussain, Religious Movements in Iran in the First Islamic Centuries, translation: Naseer Al-Kaabi, Dr. I, Beirut, Academic Center for Research, (343 AH / 2013 AD), page 50; Al-Qadi, Al-Numan Abdel-Mutaal, Poetry of Islamic Al-Futuh in the Heart of Islam, Edition 1, Cairo, Library of Religious Culture, 1462 AH / 2005 AD, page 27.

(Al-Balazari, Fattuh al-Balad, page 372; Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part 4, page 123; Chess, Succession Countries, p. 372.

Ibn al-Faqih al-Hamdani, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ishaq (died: 365/975 AD), investigation: Yusef al-Hadi, edition 1, Beirut, World of Books, 1416 AH / 1996 AD, page 400; Chess, Succession Countries, p. 372.

Taher bin al-Hussein Ibn Musab bin Zureik, who was a follower of the Banu Khuza’ah al-Arabia, assumed the province of Khurasan in the year (205 AH / 820 AD) by the Abbasid caliph al-Maamun. Looking: al-Maqdisi Abu al-Fadl Muhammad bin Tahir (died: 507 AH / 1113 CE), investigation: Adnan Hammoud Abu Zaid, Edition 1, Cairo, Library of Religious Culture, 1422 AH / 2001 AD, page 89; Iqbal Abbas, History of Iran after Islam (from the beginning of the pure state until the end of the Qajariya), 205 - 1343 AH / 820-1925, translation: Muhammad Alaeddin Mansour, Edition 1, Cairo, House of Culture for Publishing and Distribution, 1410 AH / 1989 AD, page 13 .

Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, (died: 310 AH / 910AD), History of the Apostles and Kings, Edition 2, Beirut, Dar Al-Turath, 1387 AH / 1967AD, C11, page 301.

Fawzi, Faruq Omar and Captain Mortada Hassan, History of Iran (a study in the political history of Persia during the Islamic Middle Ages), 21 - 906 AH / 641 - 1500 CE, Edition 1, Baghdad, Higher Education Press, 1989 AD, page 117; Lynn Ball Stanley, Layers of the Sultans of Islam, Edition 1, Beirut, International Encyclopedia, 1406 AH / 1986, page 125.

Al-Tabari, History, Part. 5, page 502.

Yaqoub bin Laith Al-Saffar: He belongs to one of the humble families in Sijestan. He and his brother Omar were practicing the profession of Zero, and I said that their wages paid the spirit of adventure inherent in the soul of Jacob in theft and banditry until he became a simple soldier and then a leader of a group of volunteers. With his feet and rare courage, he managed to reach the rank of emirate and rule. Al-Jaf, Hassan Karim: Encyclopedia of Iran's Political History from the Establishment of the Saffarid State to the Establishment of the Safavid State, Edition 1, Beirut, The Arab House, for encyclopedias, 1428 AH / 2008AD, Part 2, page 11.

Al-Tabari, History, Part. 5, page 54.

Abdullah Al Mahdi: He is Abu Muhammad Abdullah I, the successor of Fatimid in the Maghreb, born in the year 260 AH. He took over the caliphate and he is thirty-seven years old, i.e. in the year 297 AH, and he died in the year 322 AH after his rule spanned nearly twenty four years. Nisabwe, Ahmed bin Ibrahim, (died: late 4th century AH), Imam invoked notes in the Fatimid Mahdi movement, published by Ivanov, edited by: Muhammad Kamil Hussein, d. I, Cairo, French Scientific Printing Press for Oriental Antiquities, 1346 AH / 1927 CE, page Pp. 94-95; Hussein, Mamdouh, African in the era of Ibrahim II Al-Aghlaby, Edition 1, Amman, Oman House for Printing and Publishing, 1418 AH / 1997 AD, page 88.

Al-Maqrizi, Ahmed bin Ali, (died: 845 AH / 1441 CE), exhortations and consideration to mention plans and monuments, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Alami, 1418 AH / 1997 AD, page 183.

Al-Tabari, History, Part. 5, page 502.

Moez al-Dawla: Ahmad ibn Buwai ibn Fanahasro Tammam, from the Saur dynasty of the Sassanid shoulder, Abu al-Hasan from the kings of Bani Buayh in Iraq, was at the first command carrying firewood on his head and then he and his two brothers (Imad al-Dawla and corner of the state) owned the country and was smaller than them He is told to be cut off because his left hand was cut in a battle with the Kurds (in a long story) he took over in his youth Kerman, Sijistan and Ahvaz, according to his brother Imad al-Dawla, then he owned Baghdad in 334 AH in succession to Al-Mustakfi, and his possession in Iraq lasted 22 years for a month, and he died in Baghdad and was buried In the graves of Quraish. Ibn al-Amrani, Muhammad bin Ali, (died: 580 AH / 1184 CE), news in the history of the caliphs, investigation: Qasim al-Samarrai, Edition 1, Cairo, Dar Al Afaq, Arabia, 1421 AH / 2001 AD, page 177.

The same source.

Bakhtiar bin Moez al-Dawla: One of the Sultans of Iraq from the Bwe family, looking at: Al-Bakhzari, Ali bin Al-Hassan, (died: 467 AH / 1074 AD), the puppet of the palace and the era of the people of the era, investigation: Muhammad Al-Totaji, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Al-Jeel, 1414 AH / 1994 AD, Part 3, page 1585.

Al-Thahabi, History of Islam, Celebrity Deaths and Media, Investigation: Omar Abdel-Salam Al-Tamdari, Edition 2, Beirut, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Arabi, 1413 AH - 1993 AD, Part. 31, Page 161.

Ibn al-Amrani, News in History, page 177.

Al-Jubouri, Maysoon Khalaf Alaiwi, Economic and Social Life in Khorasan in the Umayyad Age, College of Arts, University of Basra, 1410 AH / 1989AD.

Yaqout al-Hamwi, A Dictionary of Countries, Part. 4, page 123.

Al-Badri, Al-Badri, Mason Khalaf Alaiwi, Economic and Social Life in Khorasan in the Umayyad Period. Unpublished Message (College of Arts: University of Basra 1410 AH / 1989 AD), p. 35

I have not found a definition in the sources we reviewed.

Al-Idrisi, Nuzhat Al-Mushtaq, part 1, page 395.

India: translation.

Faris: translation.

Anonymous, Borders of the World, page 150, part 6, page 259; Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part. 1, page 220; Al-Hamidi, Al-Rawd Al-Mu'ta, page 532.

Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part 1, page 215.

Al-Suyuti, Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, (died: 911 AH / 1505 CE), with the aim of consciousness in the layers of idiocy and grammarians.

Meaning, Part. 13, page 219, genealogy.

No definition was found in the sources we reviewed.

Al-Hindatay: A village from the outskirts of Basra to which Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa bin Abi Musa Al-Mantri is credited and you hear from others who left from Basra to Ahvaz, Yaqoot Al-Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part 3, page 219.

The same source, part 3, page 219.

Ibn Al-Atheer, Al-Labab in Refining Genealogy, Part. 2, page 60

The same source.

Al-Dhahabi, Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Othman, (d. 748 AH) Islamic history and deaths of celebrities and the media, investigation: Bashar Awwad Maarouf, Edition 1, D., 2003 AD, Part. 5, page 754.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

Al-Dhahabi, History of Islam, Part. 5, page 754.

Abu al-Fida, Qasim bin Qutlubaga, (d. 879 AH), Al-Thiqat, investigation: Shadi bin Muhammad, Edition 1, Yemen, Al-Oman Center, 1432 AH / 2011AD, Part. 2, Page 121, Al-Hamdani, Al-Rijal, Page 127; Al-Thahabi, History, Part. 5, page 754.

Al-Dhahabi, History of Islam and Celebrity Deaths and the Media, Part 5, page 754.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

I have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

Al-Dhahabi, History of Islam, Part. 5, page 754.

Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar Ahmad bin Ali, (died: 852 AH / 1448 CE), Lisan Al-Mizan, investigation: Abdel-Fattah Abu Ghadah, Edition 1, Syria, Dar Al-Bashaer Al-Islamiyya, 1423 AH / 2002 AD, Part. 3, page 55.

The same source.

Al-Mazzi, Youssef bin Abdel-Rahman, (died 742 AH / 1341 AH), refining the perfection in the names of men, investigation: Bashar Awad Maarouf, 1st edition, Beirut: Al-Resala Foundation 14001 AH - 1980 AD, C 31, page 494.

Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi, Ahmed bin Ali bin Thabit bin Ahmed bin Mahdi, (Tel: 463 AH / 1070 CE), History of Baghdad, investigation: Bashar Awad Maarouf, 1st edition, (Beirut: Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, 1422 AH / 2002 AD), P.439.

Al-Mazy, Refining the Perfection, Part. 31, page 494.

Al-Qarrawi, Antiquities of the Country, page 222.

The same source.

Al-Qafti, Attention of the Narrators, Part. 3, page 189.

The same source, part 3, page 189; Al-Dhahabi, Al-Abeer in the news of Ghabr, investigation: Salah Al-Din Al-Munajjid, Dr. I, Kuwait, Government Press, 1405 AH / 1984, Part 2, page 215; Al-Yafi'i, Abdullah bin Asaad, (died: 768 AH / 1366AD), the Mirror of Heaven, and the lesson of awareness in knowing what are considered to be incidents of time, 1417 AH / 1997AD, part 2, page 218.

Ibn al-Sa`i, Ali ibn Angab ibn Uthman, (died: 674 AH / 1275 CE), the precious pearl in the names of the compilers, investigation: Ahmed Shawky, Muhammad Saeed, Edition 1, Tunisia, Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami, 1430 AH / 2009 CE, page 284.

The same source.

Al-Qafti, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Yusuf, (died 646 AH / 1248 CE), was told by the narrators on the authority of the grammarians. P. 189.

Ibn al-Sa'i, the precious pearl, page 284.

The same source.

The same source.

The same source.

Al-Safadi, Salah al-Din Khalil bin Aybak bin Abdullah, (died 764 AH / 1362 AD), Al-Wafi with deaths, investigation: Ahmed Al-Arnaout and Turki Mustafa, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Ihya Al-Turath, 1420 AH / 2000 AD), Part. 20, page 75 .

Al-Mazini: Bakr Muhammad bin Uday bin Habib Al-Mazni, Abu Othman Al-Basri Al-Nahwi, was taken from Abu Ubaidah and Al-Asma’i, and he classified the famous categories in Arabic and the discharge and obligated him to cool and more. See more: Al-Dhahabi, History of Islam, Part. 18, page 9.

Al-Riachi: Al-Abbas bin Al-Faraj Al-Riachi, Abu Al-Fadl, the grammatical grammar was a scientist of the days of the Arabs and the conduct of the knowledge was a culture and a science narrated from Al-Asma’i and Abi Obaida and others. For more information, see: Ibn Katheer, / Ismail bin Omar, (d. 774 AH / 1372 AD), the beginning and the end. 35.

Al-Mubarrad: Muhammad bin Yazid Al-Azdi Al-Basri Al-Mubarrad, Abu Al-Abbas, in front of the people of grammar in his time, and the owner of the classifications was taken from Abu Othman Al-Mazni and issued to work in Baghdad. He was handsome and well-mannered.

Al-Safadi, Al-Wafi, Part. 20, page 75.

The same source.

The same source.

Ruby of Hamwi, Glossary of Countries, Part 4, page 124; Al-Qafti, The Narrators' Attention, Part 1, page 345.

Al-Zarkali, Khair al-Din bin Mahmoud bin Muhammad, Al-Alam, Edition 2, Dar Al-Alam for Millions, 1421 / 2002AD, Part. 2, page 196.

The book has one written copy preserved in the library of the King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies under No. 12327-4, a group of authors, Treasury of Heritage, part. 55, page 125.

The book has one written copy preserved in the library of the King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies under No. B, a group of authors, Heritage Trust, part. 112, page 19.

Al-Zarkali, Information, Part 2, page 196.

The same source.

The same source.

The same source.

The same source.

The same source.

Noueihed, Adel, A Dictionary of Interpreters from the Rise of Islam to the Present Age, Edition 3, Beirut, Noueihed Cultural Foundation for Authorship and Publishing, 1409AH-1988AD, Part 1, Page 141.

Saheb bin Abbad: He is Ismail bin Abbad bin Al Abbas, known as Al-Sahbi. His surname is Abu Al-Qasim. He was born in Talqan, Persia. For more, see: Safadi, Al-Wafi Al-Mortal, Part 7, page 182.

Ibn Khalkan, Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim, (died 681 AH / 1282 CE), mortality of notables and news of the children of time, investigation: Ihssan Abbas, Dr. I, Beirut, Dar Sader, Dr. T, Part 7, page 351.

We have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

We have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

We have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

We have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

We have not found a translation for him in the sources we have seen.

Noueihed, Adel, The Dictionary of Interpreters, Part 1, page 141.

Muflojah: It is a synonym for the word Faluj, meaning paralysis, paralysis, which causes a body to be long and invalidates its sense and movement. : Abboud Al-Shalaji, Edition 1, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1398 AH / 1978 AD, part 4, page 160.

Bab Al-Khan: (Al-Bab): It is the entrance to the village, city, or house. (Al-Khan): It is an Arabic word meaning that it means the hotel, the store, the navigator, the ruler, the prince, and others. / 868 AD), Beauties and opposites, Edition 2, Cairo, Al-Khanji Library, 1415 AH / 1994 AD) page 122.

Al-Nittokhi, Al-Faraj, Vol. 4, page 160.