Geographical Analysis of Railway Efficiency in Iraq
For the period 2009-2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i132.666Keywords:
history of railway, railway efficiency, geographical analysis of railwaysAbstract
Rail transport is an important vital artery because of its good performance, function and speed.It facilitates the transport of passengers, goods, raw materials, manufactured goods and high loads over long distances.This sector can be invested in achieving economic, social and political development in the areas it serves and spread.
The railway lines in Iraq are spread in several axes from north to south and are one of the oldest rail lines in the Middle East, but they suffer from deficiencies in their efficiency and function and their real role, allows the use of data, maps and data space to track rail extensions and nodes The status of the network through several indicators to measure the density and efficiency of that network. As well as knowledge of the most important problems faced by rail transport and solutions that will develop this sector and the advancement of it
Received: 14/10/2019
Accepted: 30/12/2019
Published: 15/3/2020
Downloads
References
The Fourth Scientific Symposium of the Arab Union of Railways, General Establishment of Iraqi Railways, Baghdad, 1989
Iraqi Railways between yesterday and today, the General Establishment of Iraqi Railways, Baghdad, Saadoun Press, 1990
Abdul Aziz, Luma , Railways in Iraq until the End of World War I, Al-Rafidain Literature Magazine, No. 45, 2007
Hussein, Ali Nasser, History of Railways in Iraq (1914-1945) Railway Press, Baghdad, 1986
Khayr ,safuh, Geography, topic methods aims ,dar al faker ,Syria ,2002
Al Samarrai, Walid Ghafouri Marouf, Iraq Railways and their Role in National Development, University of Baghdad, College of Education, Ibn Rushd Unpublished Master Thesis, 1989.
Al Samarrai, Ahmad Hassoun, New Railway Projects in Iraq and their Impact on National Development, Journal of the Iraqi Geographical Society Vol 9, 1976
Al Samarrai, Ahmad Hassoun, abad Fadeel, Geography of Transport and International Trade,dar alhikmat for printing and publishing ,Mosul ,1990
Al Sifo, Farid Ismail, The Role and Importance of Iraqi Rail Transportation in Economic Development (1970-1990), Tikrit Journal for Administrative and Economic Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2005.
Al-Haddad, Awad Yousef, Individual Roads and Transport Networks, Far Younes University Publications, First Edition, Bingazi, 2002.
Al-Sammak, Mohammad Azhar, Ahmad Hamed Al-Obeidi, Hashem Al-Haeali, Geography of Transportation between Methodology and Application, Dar Al-Bazouri for Publishing and Distribution, Jordan, 2010
Ibrahim, Essa Ali, Statistical and Geographical Methods, University of Dar Al Marefaa, Alexandria, 1999
State Railways Company, Future Railway Projects of Iraq, Unpublished Reports and Studies,1986.
Interview with Mr. Adnan Zghayer Abdullah, Director General of the Institute of Technical Railways and Mr. Ali Noon . Al-Shammari, Professor and Trainer at the Institute of Technical Railways.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.