Spatial Variation of Drug Abuse in Iraq (2013-2023)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/wxxcjs85Keywords:
Drug abuse, spatial variation, Iraq, social factors, security, economyAbstract
This study examines the spatial variation of drug abuse in Iraq during the period (2013-2023). It aims to analyze the geographical distribution of drug users and identify the factors influencing the rise or decline of the phenomenon. The study employs spatial and temporal analysis methodologies based on official data from the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, supplemented by an examination of economic, social, and security-related factors. The findings reveal significant disparities in drug abuse rates among Iraqi provinces, with Baghdad and Basra recording the highest levels, while provinces like Nineveh and Salah al-Din reported the lowest. The study concludes that security, economic, and social changes have contributed to the fluctuation in drug abuse rates over the past decade, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to address the issue.
Downloads
References
الازهري , تهذيب اللغة , دار احياء التراث العربي , ط1 , بيروت , 2001 .
جمهورية العراق , وزارة العدل , الوقائع العراقية – الجريدة الرسمية لجمهورية العراق , العدد4446 , 8 ايار 2017م.
جامعة بغداد. (2025، يناير). أثر تعاطي المخدرات على المجتمع العراقي: الأسباب والحلول. ورشة عمل.
عبد السلام،فاروق سيد، سايكولوجية الادمان والاتجار الغيرالمشروع ،عالم الكتب ، القاهرة ، 2012م.
البريثن، عبدالعزيز عبدالله ، الخدمة الاجتماعية في مجال ادمان المخدرات ، جامعة نايف للعلوم الامنية ، الرياض:مركز الدراسات و البحوث ، 2002م .
الجحافي،فضل ، المسح الشامل لظاهرة المخدرات ، المركز القومي للبحوث الاجتماعية والجنائية ، القاهرة ،2013 .
. الجوادي، رياض علي ،المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية اسباب التعاطي واساليب المواجهة، جامعة نايف للعلوم الامنية ،ط1 ، الرياض، 2011م .
الياسري،حسين باسم عبد الامير، التاثيرات الاجتماعية لتعاطي المخدرات ، مجلة ابن خلدون للدراسات والابحاث ، المجلد3، العدد4، 2023م ،(315-291 ) DOI: https://doi.org/10.56989/benkj.v3i4.188
عبدالغني،سمير،جرائم المخدرات ،دار الكتب القانونية ، القاهرة ،مصر ،2006م .
اسماعيل،عماد فتاح ، مكافحة تعاطي المخدرات بين العلاج و التجريم، جامعة صلاح الدين ،2007م.
علي،حسين عب الله، ظاهرة المخدرات في العراق بين الاتفاقات الدولية والقانون الوطني ، مركز البحوث والدراسات والنشر ، كلية الكوت الجامعة ، 2022م .
مرعى،مثنى فائق و سمية دهام كاظم ، ازمة انتشار المخدرات في العراق ، مجلة كلية التراث الجامعة ،المجلد1 ، العدد39 ، ص248-255 ، 2024م .
مهدي، ع. هـ. ح.، مهدي، ع. م.،إسماعيل، ك. س. (2020). اتجاهات طلبة جامعة بغداد نحو المخدرات. كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة، جامعة بغداد.
السعد،صالح بن محمود ، الاتجار الغير مشروع بالمخدرات وعلاقتة بالتنظيمات الارهابية ، جامعة نايف للعلوم الامنية ،2015م .
الطايفي،عبدة كامل ، تجارة المخدرات في ظل التغيرات العربية ، جامعة نايف العربية للعلوم الامنية ، الرياض، 2015م
Al-Motarreb, A., Baker, K., & Broadley, K. J. (2002). Khat: Pharmacological and medical aspects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 83(3), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00224-9
Alrobaee, Tuqa; Shamkhi, Ahmed; Al-Salam, Nadia; Al-jaberi, Ahmed. (2023).The Safer City: A New Planning Perspective for the Traditional City Development.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(1), 139–149.https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.130116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.130116
Booth, M. (1996). Opium: A history. Simon & Schuster.
Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015). The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction. Cell, 162(4), 712-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.046
World Health Organization. (2016). The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. Retrieved from https://www.who.int
Bechara, A. (2005). Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective. Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1458-1463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1584
Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Hare, T. A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124(1), 111-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1440.010
Compton, W. M., Thomas, Y. F., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV Substance use disorder (SUD) and dependence in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 629-640.
Goldman, D., Oroszi, G., & Ducci, F. (2005). The genetics of addictions: Uncovering the genes. Nature Reviews Genetics, 6(7), 521-532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1635
Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (1997). Age at onset of alcohol use and its association with DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse, 9, 103-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90009-2
Hyman, S. E., Malenka, R. C., & Nestler, E. J. (2006). Neural mechanisms of addiction: The role of reward-related learning and memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 29, 565-598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009
Radhie, Shaimaa & Fleyeh, Moheb & Sahan, Abbass. (2022). Gender security in planning of the Iraqi city, in the past and present (a comparative study). AIP Conference Proceedings. 2437. 020057. 10.1063/5.0092682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0092682
جمهورية العراق، وزارة الداخلية، المديرية العامة لمكافحة المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية، بيانات غير منشورة، 2013م .
جمهورية العراق، وزارة الداخلية، المديرية العامة لمكافحة المخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية، بيانات غير منشورة، 2023م .
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 هاله صادق كامل، أ.م.د. ندى محمد عبد
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
