Verb-initial order in Akadian language
Neo Babylonian sample
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i139.2249Keywords:
Akkadian Languages, Semitic, Syntax, Word order, Verb-initialAbstract
The more we research the Akkadian language, the closer we find it to the Arabic language. And if we know that the Arabic language is one of the richest Semitic languages in its structure, derivations, roots of its verbs, sounds, and syntactic movements, then it is the helper that contains all the characteristics of Semitic languages.
This is research in the field of semantics, and to rhetoric is closer than grammar, as it deals with the structure of the sentence in the Akkadian language, that is, its verbal arrangement, and the method of arranging speech in it. It is self-evident and known in the Akkadian sentence, that is verb-final order, and this is prevalent in it. It is not fair to leave this issue without research and investigation
From this point of view, the research came to focus on presenting the verb in the Akkadian language, following this since the earliest references to its codification in the third millennium BC. With a quick zigzag on the structure of sentences in some Arab languages, after the presentation of the verb in the ancient Babylonian dialect, which is the month of the dialects of the Akkadian language prevailing since the beginning of the second millennium BC. Accordingly, it is necessary to delve into its sentences, and then focus on the modern Babylonian dialect, which has been prevalent in Babylonia since the first half of the first millennium BC; In order to verify the structure of the Akkadian sentence and the arrangement of its elements, and its violation of its sister languages, or its conformity with it in this regard.
Downloads
References
Da Riva, R., The Inscriptions of Nabopolassar, Amēl-Marduk and Neriglissar, Berlin, 2013,SANER .3.
Deutscher, G., Syntactic Change in Akkadian, Oxford, 2007 .
Di Vito, R.A., Studies in the third millennium Sumerian and Akkadian onomastics: the designation and conception of the personal god, Unpublished Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, 1986.
Edzard, D.O., Sumerian Grammar, Leiden, 2003.
George, A.R., The Babylonian Gilgameš Epic, Oxford, 2003, Edition of the text.
Huehnergard, J., A Grammer of Akkadian, Indiana, 2005.
Huenergard, J.," Proto-Semitic and Proto-Akkadian", In: The Akkadian language in its Semitic context, Studies in the Akkadianleiden in the third and second millennium BC, 2006.
Kaufman, S.A., The Akkadian Influences On Aramaic And The Devlopment Of The Aramaic Dialects, Unpublished PH.D, Yale University, 1970.
Kouwenberg, N.J.C., The Akkadian verb and its Semitic background, Indiana, 2010.
Lambert, W. G. , Babylonian Creation Myths, Indiana, 2013.
Langodon, S. , Die NeuBabylonischen Königsinschriften, Leipzig,1912, VAB.4.
Riemschneider, An Akkadian Grammar (translated by T. Caldwell et al.; 3rd ed., 1977), Wisconsin, 1990.
Schaudig , H., Die Inschriften Nabonids von Babylon und Kyros' des Großen, Münster , 2001, AOAT.256 .
Sullivan, B.B., Sumerian and Akkadian sentence structure in Old Babylonian literary bilingual texts, Unpublished Ph.D., University Microfilm International, 1979.
Tolon,P., Enuma Eliš, SAACT, Vol.4, Helsinki, 2005.
Ungnad, R., Akkadian Grammer, Atlanta 1969.
Westenholz, A. (1988), ‘Personal Names in Ebla and in Pre-Sargonic Babylonia’, in A. Archi (ed.), Eblaite Personal Names and Semitic Name-Giving (Archivi Reali di Ebla, Studi 1; Rome: Missione archeologica italiana in Siria).
Weninger, S., The Semitic Languages, Berlin, 2011.
Woodington, N.R., A Grammer of the Neo-Babylonian Letters of the Kuynjik Collection, ph.D.diss., Yale University, 1982.
Woods, C., Bilingualism, Scribal learning, and the Death of Sumerian, Chicago, 2006.
Worthington, M., Complete Babylonian, London 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.