Neuropsychotherapy in post-traumatic stress disorder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i134.1060Keywords:
Post-traumatic stress disorder, neurological feedback, brain waves, avoidance, intrusive memoriesAbstract
This research aims to shed light on the treatment of the most central aspect in the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, which is avoidance and numbness, and how neuropsychiatric treatment can override this aspect, although avoidance is not always negative, but it may lead to the loss of the emotional sense of cognitive and emotional tools in what scientifically is known as numbness and thus to long-term problems, so when a person with PTSD visits, his problems can be likened to intervening trauma as attempts to heal or escape painful memories of a traumatic event and avoid special experiences associated with trauma. The symptoms of PTSD have also been linked to memory deficits, therefore in recent years the researchers of this disorder showed a major focus on the study of memory problems among people with trauma, and the results of those studies attributed memory problems to a neurological biological defect resulting from the trauma, and this memory disorder may be an underlying pre-existing risk factor that causes the development of PTSD. The psychotherapists relying on the techniques of mindfulness followed the biological neurological aspect of the brain and changing the waves in it using the technique of neurofeedback, specifically on the alpha or theta waves, or both, as emotional issues and repressed memories are treated rather than being avoided. This appropriate psychological emptying does not reveal a new matter, but it is considered as an opportunity to facilitate insight, self-esteem, self- compassion and settings limits and limitations of feeling sin and guilt aside . When everything goes well, the patient will calm down and enter into deep parts of his life in the sense of the most dark and painful moments in his life.
Downloads
References
Benson, H. (1975). The relaxation response. New York: William Morrow.
Bowlby,J.(1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy development. New York: Basic
Braun,B,G.(1988).The BASK model of dissociation clinical applications. Dissociation,(2),16-23.
Brewin CR, Kleiner JS, Vasterling JJ, Field AP. (2007) Memory for emotionally neutral information in posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic inves- tigation. J Abnorm Psychol.;116:448-463.
Budzynski,T.H.(1999). From EEG to neurofeedback. In J Evans & A.Arbarbanel(Eds), Introduction to quantitive EEG and neurofeedback (pp,65-79). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
Demos JN. (2014), Getting started with neurofeedback. New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company. Translated by Azarangi D, Rahmanian m, Danjeh. org. Tehran.
DSM-5.ترجمة د انور الحمادي
FOA, E.B., ZINBARG, R. and ROTHBAUM, B.O. (1992). Uncontrollability and unpre-dictability in post-traumatic stress disorder: an animal model. Psychological Bull- etin 112, 218-238.
Freud,S , & Breuer, J.(1966). Studies on hysteria, New York: Basic Books.
Harvard Medical School. (2004). The benefits of mindfulness. Harvard Women s Health Watch, 11(6), 1.
Khazan Inna, Z. (2016). The Clinical Handbook of Biofeedback, Translated by: M. Rahmanian Ph.D., E. Asbaghi Introduction by: A. Alipour Ph.D.
Mason.L.A.,& Brown back,T.S.(2001). optimal functioning training with EEG biofeedback for clinical populations: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy,5(1.2),33-43.
McKnight, J. T., & Fehmi, L. G. (2001). Attention and neurofeedback synchrony training: clinical results and their significance. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 45-61.
Moore, J. P., Trudaeu, D. L., Thuras, P. D., Rubin, Y., Stockely, H., & Dimond, T. (2000). Comparison of alpha-theta, alpha and EMG neurofeedback in the production of alpha-theta crossover and the occurrence of visualizations. Journal of Neurotheray, 4(1), 29-42.
Robbins,J.(2000).some hope in biofeedback for attention deficit disorder. New York Times,p.7.
Rowan,A.J.,& Tolunsky, E.(2003).Primer of EEG with amini-atlas.Boston: Butterworth. Heinemann
SALKOVSKIS, P.M. and CAMPBELL, P. (1994). Thought suppression induces intrusion in naturally occurring negative thoughts. Behavior Research and Therapy 32, 1-8.
Salkovskis, P.M. and Campbell, P. (1994). Thought suppression induces intrusion in naturally occurring negative thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy 32, 1-8.
Samuelson, K. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder and declarative memory functioning: A review
Scott,W.(2000,June).Alpha/theta training. Presendent at EEG. Spectrum, Philadelphia.
Scott,W.,Brod,T,M.,Siderof,S.,Kaiser,D.,&Sagan,M.(2002).Type-specitic EEG biofeedback improves residential Substance abuse treatment. Poster presentation at the meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Philadephia.Also Available at:
Sills, F. (2001). Craniosacral biodynamics: The breath of life biodynamics, and fundamental skills. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
Trinder, H. and Salkovskis, P.M. (1994). Personally relevant intrusions outside the laboratory : long-term Suppression increases intrusion. Behavior Research and therapy 32, 833-842.
Van der Kolk, B. A., McFarlane, A. C., & Weisaeth, L. (1996). Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society. New York: Guilford press.
Walser, R. d., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Theoretical and Applied Issues. In V. M. Follette & J. I. Ruzek (Eds.),Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma (p. 146-172). The Guilford Press.
Walser, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Theoretical and Applied Issues. In V. M. Follette & J. I. Ruzek (Eds.), Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma (p. 146–172). The Guilford Press.
Whiter,N,E.(1999).Theories of the effectiveness of alpha-theta training for multiple disorder, In .Evans J,R & Arbarbanel A. (Eds.),Introduction to uantitative EEG and neurofeedback (pp.341-367), sanDiego, CA: Academic Press
Wylie, M.S. (2004). The limits of talk. Psychotherapy Networker. 28(1), 30-36.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.