Geographical distribution of land use problems in date palm cultivation in Baghdad Governorate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i137.1679Keywords:
geographical distribution, problems and obstacles, natural, human and life factorsAbstract
The decline of the areas planted with palms, their numbers and production in Baghdad governorate is due to many natural, human and life factors. The research aims to study the geographical distribution of the problems and obstacles facing date palm cultivation in Baghdad Governorate and the reasons behind them. And a statement of the geographical distribution of date palm cultivation in terms of areas, numbers, production and productivity for the year 2018 by administrative units (districts).
A questionnaire form was created with (500) questionnaires containing 17 questions related to date palm problems and their obstacles, as well as conducting a field study and approving data issued by official departments in conducting the research, As the area of palm trees in the governorate of Baghdad reached 96,809 dunums and its number is 2420225 trees, while production reached 148050 tons. The data related to the geographical distribution of date palm cultivation and the problems and obstacles that they suffer from were enumerated and classified as categories according to the Natural Breaks Jenks method and represented on maps using the ARC GIS 9.3 software.
. The most important findings of the research are the outweighing of human factors in the decline of date palm areas, the most prominent of which is urban expansion by 64%, followed by the problem of lack of government support by 55%, followed by the life factors represented by the problem of pests and diseases by 63%. Natural factors were followed by 42% of the total owners of orchards, followed by saline land, at 35%.
Downloads
References
Abdul-Jabbar Al-Bakr. (1972). Date palm. Baghdad: Al-Ani Press.
Development Cooperation and Ministry of Planning. (2018). Annual Statistical Abstract. central Statistical Organization.
Field study. (2020). Question 12. Baghdad.
Field study. (2020). Questionnaire form. Baghdad.
Field study. (3 3, 2020). Adhamiya district. Rashidiya sub-district.
Fountains of Mahdi Kamel Al-Zubaidi. (2018). Spatial relationships of soil characteristics in date palm cultivation in Babil Governorate. University of Kufa: Unpublished PhD thesis, College of Education for Bat.
Hakim Sultan Al-Rikabi. (2009). Determining the knowledge and skill level of date palm farmers in Dhi Qar governorate by diagnosing diseases and pests, methods of combating them and their relationship to some factors. Wasit University.
Jawad Sandal Jazee Al-Badran. (1988). Date palm cultivation and date production in Basra Governorate for the period (1950-1980). Basra University: Unpublished Master Thesis, College of Basic Education.
Kamil Khamis Hammadi. (17 2, 2020). Field study, personal interview.
Karim Hussein Al-Rubaie. (16 6, 2020). Field study, personal interview, Assistant Director of the Rusafa Directorate of Agriculture.
Kazem Shanta Saad, and Iyad Abd al-Shamri. (2017). The agricultural sector in Iraq (a geographical study of obstacles, problems and solutions). Iraq Center for Studies: Al-Saqi Press for Printing and Publishing.
Meshaal Muhammad Al-Jumaili. (2011). Desert depressions (experiences) in the Iraqi Hammad area and the possibility of investing in water harvesting. Iraqi Journal of Desert Studies, Issue 1.
Muhammad Muhammad Steiha. (1972). Maps of geographical distributions: a study in the methods of cartographic representation. Beirut: Arab Thought House.
Muhammad Qasim Abdullah Issa. (2015). Determine the temporal variance of palm groves areas in Al Muthanna Governorate using remote sensing methods. Al-Muthanna University: unpublished master's thesis, College of Agriculture.
Nasser Abdullah Al-Saleh, and Muhammad Mahmoud Al-Suryani. (2000). Quantitative and statistical geography are the foundations and applications of modern computer methods. Riyadh: Obeikan Library.
Omar Saad Al-Hadithi. (2009). Date and soil and their regional impact on date palm cultivation in Iraq. University of Baghdad: Center for the Revival of the Arab Scientific Heritage.
Safaa Ibrahim Hamid Abdel Ghafour. (2018.) The role of natural factors in the variation in the distribution of palm trees and the production of dates in Anbar Governorate. Anbar University: unpublished master's thesis, College of Education.
Zainab Jamal Salman Al-Saidi. (2018). Spatial analysis of date palm cultivation and date production in Wasit Governorate. Wasit University: an unpublished master's thesis, College of Education.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
