The effect of irrigation with groundwater wells on soil salinity in Baladruz district
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/64thc664Keywords:
Irrigation, groundwater, soil salinity, Baladruz districtAbstract
The present study was conducted to show the extent of the effect of irrigation with groundwater on the salinity of soil irrigated by that water in Baladruz district, which occupies the southeastern part of Diyala Governorate. Geologically, the formations of the region date back to the Triassic and Quaternary sediments. Its dry climate is characterized by high temperatures and an increase in the evaporation rate for most days of the year. Its
groundwater reservoir derives its water supply mainly from rainfall rates, which are fluctuating and low.
15 wells were selected as testing sites, and 15 samples of soil irrigated by the water of those wells were distributed within the geographical area of the region. Laboratory analysis was conducted on the samples to show their qualitative characteristics and the extent of their effect on soil salinity and estimating some quality indicators and their suitability for irrigation mathematically. Through the results obtained and comparing them with local and international standards, it was found that the salinity of these wells varies spatially within the district areas. The areas with the highest concentration of salts were in the center, while the lowest concentration of salinity appeared in the northeastern parts. The same applies to soil samples, and it is concluded from this that groundwater affects the salinity percentage in the region's soil. The well water was characterized by the salinity degree of TDS, SAR, and
%Na, most of which are acceptable for agricultural uses, especially plants that resist salts.
Downloads
References
البدري, عباس صالح, 2009, الخواص الهيدروكميائية وتلوث المياه الجوفية في منطقة مندلي /ديالى, تقرير, وزارة الموارد المائية, المديرية العامة لحفر الآبار المائية, بغداد.
حسن, منعم علي، 2023, الاراضي الزراعية وعلاقتها بالقابلية الانتاجية للترب في محافظة ديالى، اطروحة دكتوراه، نوقشت في كلية الآداب, جامعة الانبار.
حمدان, رعد عبد الكريم, 2015, الكيمياء والبيئة للمياه العذبة, ط1, دار الكتب والوثائق, بغداد.
خلف, باسم محمد, 2024, وزارة الموارد المائية, الهيئة العامة للمياه الجوفية/ فرع ديالى, تقرير عن تلوث المياه الجوفية في قضاء بلدروز.
السامرائي, قصي عبد المجيد, 2008, المناخ والأقاليم المناخية, دار اليازوري للنشر والتوزيع, عمان.
صالح, حاتم خضر, 2006, دراسة هيدروجيولوجية وهيدروكميائية لمنطقة لوح مندلي, المنشأة العامة للمسح الجيولوجي والتعدين.
عبد الله, لينا علي, 2021, كشف الاجهاد المائي لناحية مندلي باستخدام المؤشرات الطيفية لبيانات القمر الصناعي Landsat 8OLI, المجلة الدولية للبيئة والمياه ISSN, المجلد 10, العدد1.
العكيدي, وليد خالد, 1989, علم البيدولوجي, دار الكتب للطباعة والنشر, جامعة بغداد. / تصنف الترب الى (ضعيفة الكلس 3%) و (معتدلة 3-5%) و (شديدة أكثر من 15).
علوان, طه احمد, 2011, ادارة الترب الجبسية, دار الهلال للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع, بيروت. / تصنف الترب الى (اقل من 0,3 غير جبسية) و (0,3 - 10 قليلة الجبس) و (10 – 25 معتدلة) و (25- 50 عالية).
علي, علياء محمد, 2024, ونسرين هادي, تلوث ابار المياه الجوفية في ناحية بهرز, مجلة مداد الآداب, مجلد 14, عدد خاص بمؤتمر الجغرافية.
فالح, عمر عبد الرسول, 2023 التحليل المكاني لخصائص التربة واثرها بالإنتاج الزراعي في قضاء الخالص, مجلة ديالى, العدد 97, مجلد1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i144.4030
الفهداوي, عمار ياسين عواد، 2020, تحليل جغرافي للمياه الجوفية في قضاء الرطبة وإمكانية استثمارها، اطروحة دكتوراه، نوقشت في كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية, جامعة الانبار.
القريشي, امجاد سالم, 2022, المياه الجوفية وتأثرها بالعمليات الإنتاجية لحقل بدرة النفطي في محافظة واسط باستخدام GIS, اطروحة دكتوراه, نوقشت في كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة, جامعة واسط.
كاظم, احمد سرداح, 2022, المياه الجوفية في العراق, ط 2, دار آراء للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع, جامعة الكرخ للعلوم, كلية التحسس النائي والجيوفيزياء, بغداد.
Abdullah, Lina Ali, 2021, Detection of water stress in Mandali district using spectral indicators of Landsat 8OLI satellite data, International Journal of Environment and Water ISSN, Volume 10, Issue 1.
Ali, Alia Muhammad, 2024, and Nisreen Hadi, Pollution of groundwater wells in the Bahraz district, Madad Al-Adab Journal, Volume 14, Special Issue for the Geography Conference.
Al-Aqidi, Walid Khaled, 1989, Pedology, Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Baghdad.
Al-Badri, Abbas Saleh, 2009, Hydrochemical properties and groundwater pollution in the Mandali/Diyala area, Report, Ministry of Water Resources, General Directorate of Water Well Drilling, Baghdad.
Faleh, Omar Abdul Rasool, 2023 Spatial analysis of soil properties and their impact on agricultural production in Al-Khalis District, Diyala Journal, Issue 97, Volume 1.
Al-Fahdawi, Ammar Yassin Awad, 2020, Geographical analysis of groundwater in Al-Rutba District and the possibility of investing it, PhD thesis, College of Education for Humanities, University of Anbar.
FAO., 2006, Water quality for agriculture irrigation and drainage, Water Discussion Paper 5, Rome.
Hamdan, Raad Abdul Karim, 2015, Chemistry and Environment of Fresh Water, 1st ed., Dar Al-Kutub and Documents, Baghdad.
Hamza, N. H., 2012, Evaluation of water quality of Diyala river for irrigation purposes, Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24237/djes.2012.05207
Hassan, Munim Ali, 2023, Agricultural lands and their relationship to the productive capacity of soils in Diyala Governorate, PhD thesis, College of Arts, University of Anbar.
Kazem, Ahmed Sardah, 2022, Groundwater in Iraq, 2nd ed., Dar Araa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Al-Karkh University of Science, College of Remote Sensing and Geophysics, Baghdad.
Khalaf, Basem, 2024, Ministry of Water Resources, Report of the General Authority for Groundwater/Diyala Branch.
Mahmood Fadhil Abed, 2015, Hydro-geo environmental Assessment of Industrial District at North Baiji City, college of Science, University Baghdad, PH.D.
Al-Quraishi, Amjad Salem, 2022, Groundwater and its impact on the production operations of Badra Oil Field in Wasit Governorate using GIS, PhD thesis, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Wasit.
Richard, L.A., 1954, Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali S. Doils,. Handbook 60, U.S, deb., Agric., Washington.
Al-Samarrai, Qusay Abdul Majeed, 2008, Climate and Climatic Regions, Dar Al-Yazouri for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
Salar, S.G., 2018, Identification of suitable sites for groundwater recharge in Awaspi watershed using GIS and RS techniques. Environ. Earth Sci. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7887-3
Saleh, Hatem Khader, 2006, Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of the Mandali Loh area, General Establishment for Geological Survey and Mining.
T.Buday, 1980, The regional geology of Iraq ,vol. 1, stratigraphy and pole geography. I.L. Kassab (eds), Som., Baghdad , dar el kutib publ house, university of mousl.
Alwan, Taha Ahmed, 2011, Gypsum Soil Management, Dar Al-Hilal for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut.
Wilcox, L.V., 1955, Classification and Uses of irrigation water, USDA, Circular, No. 969, Washington, D.C.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. زيد عبد محمود
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
