Cultural Adaptation
A Study in Selected Poems of Victor Hernandez Cruz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i142.3797Keywords:
adaptation, bilingualism, Cruz, Cultural, diasporaAbstract
This study aims at tracing the effect of the two worlds, Puerto Rico and the United States of America, on the poetry of the Latin American poet, Victor Hernandez Cruz (1949 - ). The study begins with a cultural background about the Puerto Rican indigenous culture and the Puerto Rican diaspora in the City of New York. The study, then, discusses one of Cruz’s poems focusing on the ideas of alienation, nostalgia, consciousness, and bilingualism tracing his cultural adaptation throughout the process. It is concluded with the fact whether Cruz culturally adapted to the U.S. literary mainstream or not.
Downloads
References
Aaker, Jennifer (2001) and Bernd Schmit. "Culture-Dependent Assimilation and Differentiation of the Self: Preferences for Consumption Symbols in the United States and China." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. Vol. 32. Washington: Western Washington University.
Cruz, Victor Hernandez (1973). Mainland; Poems. New York: Random House.
------------------------------ (2001). Maraca: New and Selected Poems, 1965 - 2000. Minnesota: Coffee House Press.
------------------------------(1991). Red Beans. Minnesota: Coffee House Press.
"Culture Contact" (2013). Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
Cuomo, Andrew M., and Cesar A. Perales (2015). “New York State Constitution.” New York: Department of State.
Genkova, Petia (2009). Cultural Adaptation and Inter Cultural Success. Bavaria: University of Passau.
Irving, Washington (2009). Tales of The Al Hambra. Nevada: Information Age Publishing.
Kanellos, Nicolas(2008). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature. Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Kinsbruner, Jay (2008). "Puerto Rico." Microsoft Student. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Corporation.
Kondo, Dorinne (1996). "The Narrative Production of ‘Home,’ Community, and Political Identity in Asian American Theater." Displacement, Dias-pora and Geographies of Identity, eds. Smakar Lavie and Ted Swedenburg. Durham: Duke.
Kroeber, Alfred (1952). The Nature of Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Nottage, Theominique D.(2011). "Arawak." Nassau: Bahamas General Certificate of Secondary Education Program.
"Nuyorican"(2003). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. Eleventh Edition. Massachusetts: Britannica.
Pauls, Elizabeth Prine (2008). "Assimilation." Microsoft Student. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Corporation.
Peckham, Aaron (1999). "The Jibaro" The Urban Dictionary. California: The Urban Dictionary.
Raetzsch, Cristoph (2003). "Multiple Cultures Multiple Perspectives: Questions of Identity and Urbanity in a Transnational Context." Berlin: Humboldt University Press.
Wallenstein, Barry (1974). "The Poet In New York: Victor Hernandez Cruz." Bilingual Review. Vol. 1. Arizona: Bilingual Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
