Measuring Hate among University Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i141.3708Keywords:
hate, university studentsAbstract
Hatred is formed, nourished and directed by certain individuals or groups against various other individuals and groups. In this regard, the current research aims to build a measure of hatred among university students, measure their level of hatred and identify the differences in their hatred according to the variables of gender and academic specialization. The research sample consisted of (100) male and female students from the University of Baghdad, of both sexes, for the scientific and humanitarian majors. The researcher built the hate scale, which consisted of (20) items. The results of the research showed that there were no differences in hatred among university students according to the variables of gender and academic specialization.
Downloads
References
- حمدان، نصيف جاسم. 2019. "خطاب التعصب والكراهية والتطرف مجلات تنظيم الدولة (داعش) نموذجاً دراسة تحليلة". مجلة الجامعة العراقية. العدد (43) الجزء (3).
- رضوان، سامر جميل. 2018. "الغضب والكره: انفعالات هدامه". الارشيف العربي العلمي Arabic Science Archive (arabixiv.org) .
- شاكر، فاطمة شيماء. ضيف الله سهية. 2021. "خطاب الكراهية والعنصرية في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي واساليب الوقاية من وجهة نظر طلبة جامعة المسيلة". رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة. جامعة محمد بو ضياف بالمسيلة. قسم علمالنفس.
- الطائي، مصطفى حميد كاظم. 2020. "النظريات المفسرة للعنف وخطال الكراهية في وسائل الاعلام". المجلة الجزائرية للاتصال. المجلد (19). العدد(20). ص (34-52).
- عمارة، الناصر. 2021. "خطاب الكراهية: التحديات وسبل المواجهة". Istanbul Journal of Arabic Studier Volume: 4 Issue 1.
- لمين، بن عروس محمد. زعتر نور الدين. دحمان نوال. 2021. "التسامح ونبذ خطاب الكراهية والتميز والتعصب للوقاية من العنف الرياضي". مجلة المنظومة الرياضية. المجلد (8) ص (34 – 42).
المصادر الأجنبية:
Barnes A, Paul H. E phross, 1994. "The Impact of Hate Violence on Victims: Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Attacks". Social Work, Volume: 39, Number: 3.
Fischer. A, Eran. H, Daphna. C, Alba. J, 2018. "Why we Hate". Emotion Review . Volume: 10, issue: 4 , pages: 309 – 320.
Navarro. Jose I, Esperanza M, Inmaculada M, 2013. "The psychology of Hatred". The open Criminology Journal, 2013, 6, 10 – 17.
Van Bavel. JJ, Jennifer L R, Yeal G, William A. C, 2018. "The Psychology of hate: Moral concerns differentiate hate from dislike".
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
How to Cite
