خيارات السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية في التعامل مع ملف إيران النووي
للفترة من 2002-2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v0i134.1015Keywords:
US foreign policy, Iranian nuclear file, options, nuclear capabilities, uranium, nuclear program, political option, military optionAbstract
إن إيران هي إحدى الدول التي تسعى إلى امتلاك السلاح النووي وإنتاجه، فشكل البرنامج النووي الإيراني محور اهتمام الحكومات الإيرانية منذ أواخر الثمانينيات، ويرجع العمل في هذا المجال إلى عهد الشاه الذي كان يطمح لاحتلال إيران مركز القوة الإقليمية المهيمنة على منطقة الخليج العربي، واعتمدت في ذلك على العديد من دول العالم لتطوير قدراتها النووية، وهذا ما أثار حفيظة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والدول الغربية، وأدى إلى تفجر الأزمة بين الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والجمهورية الإسلامية الإيرانية حول البرنامج النووي في أواخر عام 2002، التي تكمن في انّ الموقف الإيراني يؤكد ان برنامجها النووي هو للأغراض السلمية، وان حرص إيران على امتلاك تكنولوجيا تخصيب اليورانيوم والقيام بهذه العملية هو لتوفير الوقود النووي اللازم لمفاعلاتها النووية.
وبات الموقف الأمريكي يتهمها بأنها أقدمت على إنشاء محطة لتخصيب اليورانيوم في ناتنز بدون الحصول على موافقة الوكالة الدولية للطاقة الذرية وإشرافها، فضلاً عن قيام إيران بتخصيب كميات من اليورانيوم وعلى مستويات عالية دون إبلاغ الوكالة، مما أثار الشكوك الأمريكية حول البرنامج النووي الإيراني بشأن حقيقة الدافع النووي الإيراني وحاولت معالجته من خلال عدة خيارات للسياسة الخارجية الأمريكية.
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