The octagonal shape in Arab Islamic architecture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i132.795Keywords:
octagonal shape, Islamic architecture, engineering, planningAbstract
The octagonal shape is characterized by the formalities of functional patterns, whether in Islamic architecture or the planning of Islamic cities as a pattern that was the beginning of the Islamic era. It is noted that the sides of the octagonal shape have the ability to space organization by achieving a series of successive architectural gradients that are consistent with the nature of the building and thus increased privacy The building and the city gained an architectural importance that made them different from the rest of the Islamic architecture.
Downloads
References
Abdul Baqi, Ahmad (1989): Samra, capital of the Arab state during the Abbasids ’era, Baghdad, House of General Cultural Affairs.
Al-Aref, Aref (1958), the history of the Dome of the Rock and the blessed Al-Aqsa Mosque, and an overview of the history of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Al-Andalus Library.
Al-Arian, Ali (1972): Introduction to Engineering, Cairo, the world of books.
Al-Basyouni, Imad (2002): Dome of the Rock, Dora of Islamic Architecture, Art Magazine, National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters 2002, No. 23.
Al-Buzjani, Abu Al-Wafa Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Yahya (d. 388 AH / 998 CE), (1979): Abu Al-Wafa's book about what the manufacturer needs in engineering work, by Saleh Ahmed Al-Ali, Baghdad, Arab Scientific Heritage Center.
Aleamid, Taher Muzaffar (1976): Abbasid architecture in Samarra, Baghdad, Freedom House.
Al-Fiqi, Ibrahim and Al-Nimri, Taher (2001): Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Holy Rock, Amman, Dar Al-Shorouk.
Al-Himyari, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdel-Moneim (d. 900 AH / 1494 CE), (1980): Al-Rawd Al-Maatar in Al-Ahrar News, Beirut, Al-Sarraj Press.
Al-Natsheh, Youssef Saeed (2002): The Dome of the Rock, Palestine, Cooperation for Publishing.
Al-Nawawi, Abu Zakaria Yahya bin Sharaf bin Mery (d. 676 AH / 1277 AD), (without history), Sahih Muslim, Explanation of al-Nawawi, Dar al-Ahyaa al-Arabiyya for Publishing, Beirut, second edition, c 9, hadith number 1392.
Alnisaburi, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (d. 405 CE / 1014 CE), (without history): Sahih Muslim, investigation by Muhammad Fouad Abd al-Baqi, Arab Heritage Revival House, Beirut.
Alsamarrai, Yunus Ibrahim (1986): The History of the City of Samarra, Baghdad, Dar Al-Basri Press.
Alshabashti, Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Muhammad (1951): Ad-Diyarat, published by Korkis Awad, Baghdad.
Al-Tal, Safwan (1989): Origins of the Eighth Plan in Building a Dome of the Rock, Yarmouk Research Journal, Volume 5, No. 3.
Azab, Khaled and Al-Sayeh, Shaimaa (2010): The Noble Sanctuary, Lebanon, Beirut, Arab Book House.
Francis, Bashir Youssef (2017): Encyclopedia of Ancient Cities and Sites in Iraq, Presented by: Father Albert Abouna, London, Publications I-Books.
Hawkins, Trans (1986): Structuralism and Signal Science, translation: Majeed Al-Mashta, Baghdad, House of General Cultural Affairs.
Ibn Al-Atheer, Abu Al-Hassan Ali Ibn Abi Al-Karam Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Abdul Karim Bin Abdul Wahid Al-Jazari (d. 360 AH), (1375 AH): Al-Kamil in History, Al-Muniria Press, Egypt.
Jabr, Falah (undated), an introduction to Amara, Ohran, Regional Printing Press.
Khader, Abdel-Alim Abdel-Rahman (1988): The Urban Development of Jerusalem, Saudi Arabia, Sahar Press.
Musa, Abdullah Kamel (2002): The Abbasids and their architectural monuments in Iraq, Egypt and Africa, Cairo, Dar Al-Afaq Al-Arabiya.
Najm, Raef (1988): Maintenance of the Holy Rock Mosque, Journal of Islamic Capitals and Cities, Saudi Arabia, No. 22.
Najm, Raef (1994): The Hashemite Construction in Jerusalem, Amman, Dar Al-Bairaq for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution.
Najm, Raef and others (1983): The Treasures of Jerusalem, Jordan, The Al-Bayt Foundation and the Arab Towns Organization.
R. O. Hamilton (2009): Al-Aqsa Mosque Building, translated by Hamed Othman Khader, first edition, Dar Al-Hoda for Publishing and Distribution.
Salama, Hassan Ali (1995): Methods of Teaching Mathematics between Theory and Practice, Cairo, Dar Al-Fajr for Publishing and Distribution.
Schulz, Christian Nur Berg (1996): Existence, Space, and Architecture, translation: Samir Ali, Baghdad, Al-Adeeb Al-Baghdadiyah Limited Press.
Sousse, Ahmed (1949): irrigation of Samarra during the Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad.
Stolens, Jerome (1974): Art Criticism, (Aesthetic Philosophical Study), translation: Fouad Zakaria, Cairo.
Waziri, Yahya (2004): The Urban Development and Architectural Heritage of Al-Quds Al-Sharif, Cairo, the publishing house.
Herzfeld , (1912): Erser Vorlaufiger Bericht Uber Die Ausgrabungan von Samarra, Berlin.
Herzfeld .E , (1947): Geschichte der Start Samarra , Berlin.
Herzfeld, E., (1907): Samarra Aufnahmen und Untersuchungenzur islamischen Archäologie, Berlin.
Northedge .A, (2007): The Historical Topography of Samarra, paris.
Northedge, A, (1998): Analyse du plan du palais du calife al-Muÿtasim à Samarra.
Northedge, A., (1989): Wilkinson, T. J. & Falkner, R., 1990, .Survey and Excavations at Samarra, Iraq 52.
Northedge, A., (1990) The Racecourses at Samarra., BSOAS.
Oeig Grabar (1996): said Nuseibeh , The Dome of the Roce , London.
Rogers, J. M., (1970): Samarra, a Study in Medieval Town-Planning.
Sarre, F. & Herzfeld, (1911): Rchäologische Reise im Euphrat- und Tigris-gebiet, Berlin, 4 vols.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright and Licensing:
For all articles published in Al-Adab journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work.
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers: It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyrightholder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyrightholder).
Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
Substantial extracts from anyones' works or a series of works.
Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either "Data from..." or "Adapted from...".
Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. Al-Adab Journal cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: "Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].' at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.